Need

1. Babies need a lot of sleep.
2. Jack needs a dictionary, and he is going to buy one.
3. A camel doesn't need water every day.
4. The teacher asked us, "Do you need any help?"
5. Mary needed a new dress, so her mother bought her one.
6. Mr. Smith didn't need a car when he was in London.
7. When Ahmad returned to Egypt from London, his father asked him, "Was it very cold in London? Did you need to wear a coat every day?"
8. You will need warm clothes if you go to Russia in the winter.
9. I shan't need my old bicycle if I buy a car.
10. Jack's father asked him,"Have you got enough pocket money? Do you need any more?"
11. If no one need this old coat, I'll give it away.
12. A healthy man don't need to go to a doctor.
13. If Yusef goes to England, he needs to buy an umbrella.
14. Yesterday was a holiday, so we didn't need to get up early.
15. The lady told her maid before she went to the market, "Don't buy butter or eggs. I don't need them."
16. The old man said, "I had very good eyesight when I was young, and I didn't need to wear glasses."
17. He was very rich and won't need to work.
18. The teacher told the pupils, "Bring your reading books tomorrow. You need them."
19. The doctor was very tired and need a holiday.
20. Jack's shoes needed mending.
21. I can carry the box my self. I don't need any help.
22. If it's a warm day tomorrow, we won't need our coats.
23. Some people need more sleep than others.
24.  It's a warm day. There's no need to shut the windows.
25. I'm not deaf. There's no need to shout at me.
26. You can walk. There's no need to take a bus.
27. Those poor children are in need of food and clothes.
28. The travelers in the desert were in need of water.
29. The rich man is not need of money.
30. The farmer said, "It has been a dry winter, and my fields are in need of rain."
31. I can carry the bags my self. I am not in need of your help.
32. The room had no windows, and soon the people in it were in need of air.
33. Mr. Smith wants to buy a small house. He is not in need of a large house.
34. The rich woman has five servants. She is not in need of any more servants.
35. There are not enough teachers in England. The schools are in need of more teachers.

1. The teacher said, "You must answer the first two questions, but you needn't answer the others."
   The pupils asked,"Must we write the questions?"
2. The teacher answered, "No, you needn't write the questions."
3. We have plenty of time, so we needn't hurry.
4. Mary's hands are clean, so she needn't wash them.
5. It's not cold today, so I needn't wear a coat.
6. The pupils understand the lesson very well, so the teacher needn't explain eagain.
7. The doctor told the woman,"You are quite well now, and you needn't stay in the hospital."
8. I haven't helped you, so you needn't thank me.
9. Today is a holiday, so I needn't get up early.
10. The teacher has just bought a car, so she needn't walk to school everyday.

1. Must you always help your friends? Yes, I must.
2. Must you have a hot bath every day? No, I needn't.
3. Must you buy a new suit every year? No, I needn't.
4. Must you brush your teeth in the morning? Yes, I must.
5. Must you eat cake every day? No, I needn't
6. Must you do your homework at home?Yes, I must.
7. Must you read every word in the newspaper? No, I needn't.
8. Must you say Thank you if someone helps you? Yes, I must.
9. Must you go to doctor if you have a small cut on your finger? No, I needn't.
10. Must you go to a university if you want to be a doctor? Yes, I must.

The past participle

1. be + past participle

• This is a very quiet horse. It can be ridden by a child.
• The teacher said,"The date must be written at the top of the page"
• The manager told the new clerk,"You will be paid at the end of the month."
• You may be knocked down by a car if you cross the road without looking.
• Thieves should be put in prisons.

2. to be + past participle.

• Pupils don't like to be punished.
• The little girl hates to be left alone in the house at night.
• The children want to be taken to the zoo.
• The workmen hope to be paid today.
• Valuable jewels ought to be kept in a safe place.
• An important letter ought to be registered.
• The murderer is going to be hanged tomorrow.
• The pupils are going to be examined at the end of the year.

3.
(a) Present Cont - Passive.
                am, is, are being + Past Participle

• We are being taught English.
• A wall is being built round the garden.
• There are two men in that ambulance; they are being taken to the hospital.

(b) Present - passive
               am, is, are + Past Participle

• Diamonds are found in some parts of Africa.
• English is spoken in many countries.
• The servant said, "I'm paid weekly."

(c) Past - passive
             was, were + Past Participle

• The car was stopped by a policeman.
• The street lamps were lit at six o'clock yesterday evening.
• When the Minister visited the school, he was met at the gate by the headmaster and the teachers.

(d) Past Cont - Passive.
                was, were being + Past Participle

• The man died while he was being taken to the hospital.
• He read the newspaper while his hair was being cut.
• She wore her black shoes because her brown ones were being repaired.

(e) Future - Passive.
                shall, will be + Past Participle

• A new school will be built in the village next year.
• This book will soon be finished.
• Tom told his father, "I shall be punished if am late for school again."

(f) Present perfect
                has, have been + Past Participle

• I have never been bitten by a mad dog.
• There is no bread in the cupboard. It has been eaten.
• Oil has been found in many parts of the Middle East.

1. A fire can't be lit without matches.
2. A man doesn't like to be made a coward.
3. Our school may win the football match, but it may be beaten.
4. The traveler hopes to be called when he arrives at the airport.
5. The teacher told us,"All the questions must be answered."
6. Do lions and tigers like to be kept in cages?
7. The floor is very dirty. It should be swept at once.
8. The bank clerk hopes to be met manger soon.
9. The birds can be heart singing at dawn.
10. The prisoner escaped last night and is hiding in the forest, but he will soon be found.
11. If you leave your books in a bus, they may be stolen.
12. Jack's hair is very long. It ought to be cut.
13. Pupils like to be given high marks.
14. The Present Participle of the verb run must be spelled with a double n.
15. I told the taxi driver that I wanted to be driven to the railway station.
16. The house is sold, and all the furniture is going to be sold tomorrow.

1. 
   
2. A lot of tea is drunk in England.
3. The mother told her child,"You will be burnt if you play with fire."
4. The road couldn't be used by cars while road was being repaired.
5. All the money has been spent and the purse is empty.
6. Jack's brown shoes are being mended 
7. This camera was being made in Germany.
8. Hundreds of ships were sunk by submarines in the last war.
9. The travelers in desert have been lost for two days.
10. Tom didn't listen while the lesson were being explained.
11. The thief will be put in prison if he is caught.
12. Jack's shirt was teared, and he can't wear it.
13. Mr. Brown told his wife, "Our new furniture is being made by a very good carpenter.

1. The travellers walked across the frozen river.
2. The defeated army couldn't fight any longer.
3. The hospitals were full of wounded soldiers.
4. The beggar was wearing teared and dirty clothes.
5. After the accident the street was covered with broken glass from the shop window.
6. The thief looked everywhere, but he couldn't find the hid jewels.
7. The fishermen pulled the body of a drowned man out of the sea.
8. The policeman took the lost child to the police station.

The present participle

1.

• I am going to school.
• I was waiting you for a long time.

2.

• Teaching is hard work.
• Smocking is not allowed in this cinema.
• The beginning of the lesson was not difficult.
• Judge told the thief,"Telling lies won't help you,"

3.

• When did you begin learning English?
• The teacher said, " Don't ask questions yet. I haven't finished speaking."
• Children learn reading and writing at school.
• It has stopped raining and the sun is shining.
• Jack likes swimming in the summer, but he hates swimming when the weather is cold.
• I shall never forget going to the place and meeting the King.
• I can't remember locking the door.

4.

• I was tired of listening to the wireless, so I turned it off.
• Tom  got up early and finished his home work before going to school.
• He tore up the letter after reading it.
• Bob's father punished him for telling a lie.
• Jack is reading a book about hunting lions in Africa.
• When Ahmad went to London, he learnt to speak English well by living with an English family.
• She went out of the shop without buying anything.

5.

• Look! There is a man hiding behind the door.
• Is there anyone living in that old house?
• There are more than a thousand men working in the factory.
• Are there a lot of people waiting outside the cinema?

6.

• Mary didn't hear the bell ringing.
• The people are looking at the soldiers marching.
• I have never seen Henry wearing a hat.
• The teacher caught two pupils cheating.
• We listened to the birds singing.
• The policeman found the thief hiding under the bed.

7. Adjectives

• a dying man
• A crying baby
• a growing boy
• a burning house
• a sinking ship
• boiling water
• falling leaves

1. The fat man fell asleep after eating a large meal.
2. When the servant finished sweeping the rooms, she went to the market.
3. Flying is the quickest way of travelling.
4. Did you hear the baby crying?
5. He jumped into the river and saved the drowning boy.
6. There are some beautiful flowers growing in the  garden.
7. I saw the farmer beating his donkey with a big stick.
8. He left home without saying goodbye to his wife and children.
9. Mary loves helping her mother in the kitchen.
10. The prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
11. The travelers turned to the west and walked towards the setting sun.
12. Driving a car without good brakes is very dangerous.
13. The farmer's son watched his father milking the cows.
14. There were two men in the shop buying cigarettes.
15. The dying man was taken to the hospital.
16. The woman went out and left her children playing with their toys.
17. The teacher asked, "Is there any boy in this class wearing a blue shirt"
18. I turned off the wireless after hearing the news.
19. Learning foreign language is very useful.
20. Ahmad speaks English slowly, because he is afraid of making mistakes.

I,We shall and I, We will

1. Jack said, "I shall be twenty years old in 1989 and I shan't be at school then."
2. Jack said that he would be twenty years old in 1989 and he wouldn't be at school then.
3. When the old woman said goodbye to her son, she told him, "I shan't see you again."
4. I shall wear an overcoat if it is cold.
5. We shan't come tomorrow if there is a holiday.
6. I said, "I shall be very sad if my old friend dies"
7. The teacher told Jack, "I shall be surprised if you don't pass the examination."
8. I said that I should be very sad if my old friend died.
9. Perhaps we shall go to Paris for our next holiday.
10. I hope I shall see you again.
11. I am afraid I shan't win this game of chess.

1.I said to my friend, "Of course I will help you."
   I told my friend that of course I would help him.
2.The mother asked her naught little son to wash his hands at once. He answered, "I won't"
   He answered that he wouldn't.
3.The teacher told us,"I will give you a test on Monday."
   The teacher told us I would give you a test on Monday.
4.The doctor said,"I will come at once."
   The doctor said that I would come at once.
5.I told my friend, "I will certainly meet him at six o'clock."
   I told my friend that I would certainly meet him at six o'clock.
6.The two young thieves told the judge, "We will never steal again."
   The two young thieves told the judge we would never steal again.
7.Tom and Bob had a quarrel, and Tom said, "I won't speak to you again."
   Tom said that I wouldn't speak to you again.

1.What will you buy if I give you $5?
   I will buy a watch.
2.At what time will you meet me this evening?
   I will meet you at 4 o'clock this evenining.
3.Will you throw away this book after the lesson?
   No, I won't throw away this book after the lesson.
4.When will you be twenty one years old?
   I shall be twenty one years old in 1989.
5.Will you lend me your pencil?
  Yes, I will lend you my pencil.
6.Will you feel happy if you fail the examination at the end of the year?
   No, I won't feel happy.
7.Will you forget to bring your books to school tomorrow?
   No, I won't forget to bring my book to school.
8.Will you be alive in the year 2500?
    Yes, I shall be alive in the year 2500.
9.Will you show me the way to the post office?
   Yes, Of course I will show you the way to the post office.
10.Will you be surprised if all the teachers are absent tomorrow?
    I will be surprised if all the teachers are absent tomorrow.

   

1. I want to finish my homework.
2. I don't want to be a teacher when I leave school.
3. We all hope to pass the examination at the end of the year.
4. I hope to feel better soon.
5. I don't intend to grow wheat in this field next year.
6. We're going to buy some new furniture.
7. I'm not going to get up early tomorrow.
8. Shall I clean the blackboard?
9. How many times shall we write our corrections?
10. Shall I see you again soon?
11. Shall I wear my blue dress or my white one?
12. When Shall I take the medicine?
13. What shall we do when we have finished our composition?
14. I shall be sorry if you can't play football on Saturday.
15. I won't be late again.
16. I will take you to the Zoo on your  birthday.
17. I will  never be cruel to animals.
18. I won't give you any more medicine.
19. I shall be very angry with you if you don't work harder.
20. I shan't pay you until you have finished the work.

S+V+O+to stem

Subject + Verb + Object + to stemp

advise, allow, ask, beg, command, help, invite, like, order, promise, teach, tell, want

1. The teacher told the lazy pupil to wake up.
2. I asked Bob to open the window.
3. The teacher advised us to use dictionaries.
4. Mary's father doesn't allow her to go to the cinema alone.
5. The general ordered the army to attack at dawn.
6. Who taught you  to swim?
7. All mothers want their babies to be strong and healthy.
8. The sailor taught himself to swim.
9. Mary's father sometimes helps her to do her homework.
10. The judge advised the young thief to be honest in future.
11. The teacher doesn't allow the pupils to play in the classroom.
12. Some pupils asked the teacher to explain the lesson again.
13. The young thief begged the judge not to send him to prison.
14. Nepolian commanded his army to attack Russia in 1812.
15. Mary is helping her mother to cook the dinner.
16. I have invited two friends to come and stay with me.
17. The old man doesn't like his grand children to make a lot of noise when they are playing.
18. The officers ordered the soldiers to clean their rifles.
19. Bob was late, but he promised the teacher not to be late again.
20. Parent teach their children to obey them.
21. Who told the nurse to give the sick man this medicine?
22. The doctor wants his son to be doctor too.

to-stems after joining words.

1. The servant said, "I have swept the rooms, and I don't know what to do next."
2. Farmers know when to sow and when to reap.
3. Mrs. Smith knows where to buy the best meat.
4. Tom couldn't remember whether to spell beginning with one n or a double n.
5. All boys and girls should learn how to swim.
6. The woman said to her servant, "I told you what to do next, but you've forgotten"
7. The doctor told me when to take the medicine.
8. The teacher showed the new pupil where to put his coat.
9. The teacher said, "I have already taught you how to change Direct Speech into Indirect Speech"
10. A baby doesn't know how to dress itself
11. Sailors must learn how to swim.
12. A solider must know how to fire a rifle.
13. A cleaver fisherman knows where to catch a lot of fish.
14. The traveler didn't know whether to go by train or by car.
15. Tom had to write a composition, but he didn't know what to write about.
16. Polite children know when to say Please and Thank you.
17. The poor man had no job, and he didn't know where to find work.
18. She taught her daughter how to make her own dresses.
19. Before Yusef left school, his head master advised him what to study at the university.
20. I told the taxi driver where to turn.
21. The teacher didn't tell us when to bring our reading books to school.
22. The carpenter showed his son how to make chair.
23. Egyptian guides tell tourists what to see in Cairo and Alexandria.

Direct and Indirect speech

 1. Jack said, "My sister is learning to cook."
   Jack said that his sister was learning to cook.
2 Jack said, "I come to school by bus everyday."
   Jack said that he came to school by bus every day.
3. Jack said, "My father doesn't work in a bank."
   Jack said that his father didn't work in a bank.
4. Jack said, "I shall be fifteen years old soon."
   Jack said that he would be fifteen years old soon.
5. Jack said, "I won't be later again."
   Jack said that he wouldn't be later again.
6. Jack said, "My uncle has just bought a new car."
   Jack said that his uncle had just bought a new car.
7. Jack said, "I answered all the questions correctly."
   Jack said that  he had answered all the questions correctly.
8. Jack said, " Mary fell down, but she didn't hurt herself."
   Jack said that she had fallen down, but she hadn't hurt herself.
9. Jack said, "My father can drive a car."
   Jack said that his father could drive a car.
10. Jack said, "I must go to bed early."
   Jack said that he had to go to bed early.
11. Jack said, "My uncle may go to America soon."
   Jack said that his uncle might go to America soon,



Direct                                         Indirect
Present continuous                     Past continuous
Present                                        Past
I, we shall, shan't                        he, they would, wouldn't
will, won't                                   would,wouldn't
Present perfect                            Past perfect
Past                                             Past perfect
Can                                              could
must                                             had to
may                                             might

1. Ravi said, "I hope to pass the examination."
   Ravi said that he hopped to pass the examination.
2. Ravi said, "The teacher is listening to me."
  Ravi said that he was listening to me.
3.Ravi said, " I have never been to New York."
  Ravi said that he had never been to New York.
4. Ravi said, "I made no mistakes in the last dictation."
   Ravi said that he hadn't made no mistakes in the last dictation.
5. Ravi said, "I shan't be at school in 1980"
  Ravi said that he wouldn't be at school in 1980.
6.  Ravi said, " I can't drive a car".
   Ravi said that he could drive a car.
7. Ravi said, "My watch may be five minutes fast."
 Ravi said that his watch might be five minutes fast.
8. Ravi said , "My mother must get up early every day. "
  Ravi said that his mother got up early every day.
9. Ravi said, " You should be more careful.
   Ravi said that he should be more careful.
10.Ravi said, "You oughtn't to smoke so many cigarettes"
    Ravi said that he oughtn't to smoke so many cigarettes.

1. Ravi said that he hasn't read many English books.
2. 
   
3. Ravi said that he could speak three languages.
4. Ravi said that his father wouldn't give him a new watch.
5. Ravi said that he hadn't sent the letter by air mail.
6. Ravi said that his friend was studying medicine at the university.
7. Ravi said that he had to buy a new pair of shoes.
8. Ravi said that he didn't feel tired.
9. Ravi said that he might take a job with an oil company.
10. Ravi said that he had to bed early.
11. Ravi said that his friend had eaten all the chocolates.
12. Ravi said that he might go to the cinema on Saturday.
13. Ravi said that he would be twenty years old in 1986.
14. Ravi said that  he wasn't asking  a question.
15. Ravi said that he hadn't seen his uncle for a long time.

     asked/told a person./persons (not)+ to stem

1. The teacher said to the lazy pupil, "Wake up!"
    The teacher told the lazy pupil to wake up.
2. The mother said to her children, "Don't play with fire."
     The mother told her children not to play with fire.
3. The teacher said to his pupils,"Don't forget your home work."
    The teacher asked or told his pupils not to forget their homework.
4. I said to Jack, "Please lend me your dictionary"
    I asked Jack to lend me his dictionary.
5. The teacher said to the pupils, "Learn the poem by heart."
    The teacher told the pupils to learn the poem by heart.
6. The judge said to the prisoner, "Stand up while I am speaking to you."
    The judge told the prisoner to stand up while he is speaking to him.
7.The teacher said to Mary, "Clean the blackboard, please."
   The teacher asked Mary to clean the blackboard,
8. Mary's mother said to her, "Don't go out without your coat"
    Mary's mother told her not go out without her coat.
9.Tom's father said to him, "Clean your teeth before you go to bed."
   Tom's father told him to clean his teeth before he go to bed.
10.The doctor said to sick man, "Don't go back to work for a fortnight."
   The doctor told sick man not to go back to work for a fortnight.
11.Jack said to the policeman, "Tell me the time, please"
    Jack asked the policeman to tell him the time






1. Jack couldn't find his ruler. He asked, "Who has taken my ruler?"
    Jack asked who had taken his ruler.
2. The teacher came into the class and asked, "Who threw the chalk on the floor?"
    The teacher came into the class and asked who had thrown the chalk on the floor.
3. A pupil asked the teacher, " What is the meaning of stupid?"
   A pupil asked the teacher what was the meaning of stupid.
4. I asked the farmer, "What is growing in that field?"
    I asked the farmer what was growing in that field.
5. I asked Jack, "Who do you sit next to in class?"
    I asked Jack who he sat next to in class.
6. Mary's mother asked her, "Who did you see in the hospital?"
   Mary's mother asked her who she had seen in the hospital.
7. Tom asked the teacher,"What does the word mean?"
    Tom asked the teacher what the word meant.
8. I asked my sick friend, "What did the doctor say?"
   I asked my sick friend what the doctor had said.
9. I asked Jack, "When do you usually go to bed?"
   I asked Jack when he usually went to bed.
10.A man asked his friend, "When did you buy your car?"
    A man asked his friend when he had bought his car.
11.The traveler asked a policeman, "Where can I find a taxi?"
    The traveler asked a policeman where he could find a taxi.
12.Tom asked Bob, "Where does your uncle live?"
    Tom asked Bob where his uncle live.
13.The teacher asked Tom, "Why haven't you written your corrections?"
    The teacher asked Tom why he hadn't written his corrections.
14.Mary's mother asked her, "Why are you crying?"
     Mary's mother asked her why she was crying.
15. The teacher asked Jack, "How do you spell beginning?"
     The teacher asked Jack how he spelt beginning.
16. Tom asked Bob, "How much  will you give me for my bicycle?"
    Tom asked Bob how much he would him for his bicycle.
17.I asked my friend,"How do you feel after your holiday?"
     I asked my friend how he felt after his holiday.
18.The judge asked the prisoner, " Why don't you tell the truth?"
    The judge asked the prisoner why he didn't tell the truth.
19.Jack met some friends in street and asked,"Who will come to the cinema with me?"
     Jack asked who would come to the cinema with him.
20.Ann asked Mary, "What do you usually have for breakfast?"
     Ann asked Mary what she usually had for breakfast.
21.Jack's father asked him, "Who are you writing a letter to?"
     Jack's father asked him who he was writing a letter to?
22.The teacher asked Bob, "When did you learn to swim?"
     The teacher asked Bob when he had learnt  to swim.
23.I saw a cloud of smoke and asked, "What is burning?"
    I asked what was burning.
24.I asked Jack, "Who gave you that watch?"
     I asked Jack who had given you that watch.
25.Jack asked me, "When are you going to have dinner?"
     Jack asked me when I was going to have dinner.
26.There was a crowd in the street. I asked a man in the crowd,"What is the matter?"
     I asked a man what was the matter.
27. Hentry asked Tom, "Who did you visit in the hospital?"
      Hentry asked Tom who he had visited in the hospital.
28.The teacher came into the class and asked the pupils,"What are you doing?"
     The teacher asked him what he was doing.
29.The mother asked the teacher,"When can my sick child eat?"
     The mother asked the teacher when my sick child could eat.
30. The woman asked the policeman, "Where does the No. 3 bus stop?"
      The woman asked the policeman where the No. 3 bus stopped

1. Mary's mother asked her, "Are you hungry?"
    Mary's mother asked her if she was hungry.
2. He asked his quest, "Do you like coffee?"
    He asked his guest if he liked coffee.
3. I asked bob, "Did you sell your bicycle?"
    I asked bob if he had stolen his bicycle.
4. The teacher asked, "Can everyone see the blackboard?"
    The teacher asked if everyone could see the blackboard.
5. Mary's mother asked her, "Are you hungry or thirsty?"
    Mary's mother asked her whether she was hungry or thirsty.
6. I asked the servant, "Did you throw away the news paper or keep it.
   I asked the servant whether he had thrown away the news paper or keep it.
7. I asked old gentleman, "Are you feeling tired?"
   I asked old gentleman if he was feeling tired.
8. The teacher asked us, "Do you understand the questions or not?"
   The teacher asked us whether we understood the questions or not.
9. She asked the shopkeeper, "Can you give me a change for a $10 note?"
   She asked the shopkeeper if he could give her a change for a $10 note.
10. The teacher asked Tom, "Do you come to school by bus  or on foot?"
     The teacher asked Tom whether he came to school by bus or on foot.

1. I asked Hentry whether he sat next to Tom or Jack in class.
2. He asked his friend whether he had walked to the station or taken a taxi.
3. I asked the other passengers in the railway carriage if I might open the window.
4. We asked the teacher whether we had to answer all the questions or only four of them.
5.  Jack asked the teacher if I might go early.
6. She asked her husband if he could her more money. 
7. I asked the old man if had lived  in the same village all his life.
8. The doctor asked me If I got a headache.
9. The judge asked the prisoner whether he was speaking the truth or telling lies.
10. Hentry asked the teacher if he would repeat the question.

 

S+V+O+Stem

S+V+O+Stem(without to)

Make

1. The teacher makes us work hard.
2. The thieves made the bank clerk open the safe.
3. The medicine will make the sick man feel better.
4. The sun and rain make the plants grow.

Let

1. The teacher let Bob go home early yesterday.
2. Mary's father won't let her go to the cinema alone.
3. Hentry lets his brother ride his bicycle sometimes.

1. Let me help you.
2. Let me carry your bag.
3. Let me drive you in my car to the station.
4. Let me pay for the cinema tickets.
5. Let me check your reservation.
6. Le me correct this fault.

• Today's a holiday. What shall we do?
• Let's take sandwiches and have a picnic.
• No. It's too cold. Let's go to a cinema after lunch.
• But what shall we  do this morning? Let's play football.

Hear, Watch, See

1. Mary didn't hear the bell ring.
2. Jack's father is watching Jack play football.
3. The policeman saw the thief jump out of the window.

1. Mary didn't hear the bell ring.
2. Tom never hears the bell ring.
3. I haven't heard the bell ring yet
4. A deaf man can't hear the bell ring.
5. You will hear the bell ring at 9 o'clock.

1. I shouted, but I couldn't make the deaf man hear me.
2. The gardener won't let the children pick the flowers.
3. Tom wanted to answer the questions, but the teacher wouldn't let him speak.
4. The girl opened the cage, and let the bird fly away.
5. Mary wasn't hungry, but her mother make her eat some bread and butter.
6. Jack's father got a letter from Jack's headmaster, but he didn't let Jack read it.
7. The bus was full, so I let it go and waited for the next one.
8. He pushed the boy off the pavement and made him fall down and hurt his leg.

1. The woman asked me if I had heard the baby cry
2. The sailor jumped into the sea and swam away from the sinking ship. He doesn't see the ship sink.
3. I haven't heard Mary play the piano since 1960.
4. The farmer got up very early yesterday and saw the sun rise.
5. It began to rain while the people were watched the soldiers march past the palace.
6. We saw the bomb fall, but we won't hear it explode.
7. The police man told the judge that he had seen the thief snatch the lady's bag.
8. What is Mary doing? She is watching her mother make some cakes.

Short Answers

1. Am I teaching you English? No, I'm not.
2. Are you going home after school? Yes, I am.
3. Is Jack learning French? Yes, He is.
4. Are those camels carrying cotton? No, they aren't
5. Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do.
6. Does Tom get up early? No, he doesn't
7. Do the buses stop here? Yes, they do.
8. Did you see Tom yesterday? Yes, I did.
9. Did the thieves run away? No, they didn't.
10. Did I teach you last year? Yes, you did.
11. Shall we have a holiday tomorrow? No, you won't.
12. Will you teach us English next year? Yes, I will.
13. Have you read today's newspaper? Yes, I have.
14. Has Tom finished his homework? Yes, Tom has.
15. Have the children gone to bed? No, they haven't
16. Can you answer the question? Yes, I can.
17. Can I go home now? No, you can't.
18. Could Tom do his homework yesterday? Yes, he could
19. May I keep this book? Yes, you may.
20. Must I pay now? Yes, you must.
21. Must Mary stay in bed? Yes, she mustn't.
22. Did you get up early this morning? Yes, I did.
23. Is it raining? No, it's not.
24. Does your little brother go to school? Yes, he does.
25. Are you wearing black shoes? Yes, I do.
26. Must children obey their parents? Yes, they must.
27. Has your father got a car? No, he hasn't.
28. Can you go from London to New York by air? Yes, I can.
29. Am I standing near the blackboard?No, I am not.
30. Will you be at school in 19845? No, I won't.
31. Do you speak English at home? Yes, I do.
32. Have you been to the cinema this week? No, I haven't.
33. Could you ride a bicycle when you were four years old? No, I couldn't.
34. May I open the window? No, you may not.
35. Is he sitting near the door? No, he isn't.
36. Did you listen to the news on the wireless last night? Yes, I did.
37. Have you forgotten the last lesson? Yes, I have.
38. Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do
39.  Will you come to school tomorrow by bus? Yes, I will.
40. Does your father work in an office? No, he doesn't
41. Am I writing on the blackboard? Yes, I am.
42. Are you going to the cinema this evening?  Yes, I am.
43. Has Ravi answered any questions in this lesson? Yes, he has.
44. Can you speak French? No, I can't.
45. Will you go to a university when you leave school? Yes, I will
46. Have you ever seen an elephant? Yes, I have.
47. May I go home early today? Yes, you may.
48. Must you always tell the truth? Yes, I must.
49. Must little children go to bed early? Yes, they must.
50. Did it rain yesterday? No, it didn't.

1. Who likes coffee? I do.
2. Who sell sugar and tea? Grocers do.
3. What give us light by day?  The sun does.
4. What give us light by night? The moon and the stars do.
5. Who ate all the cakes? I did.
6. What made that noise? The door did.
7. Who broke this window? Hentry did. I didn't.
8. What flies faster than  a bird? A plane does.
9. What sinks in water? Lead does, but cork doesn't.
10. Who listened to the wireless last night? I did.
11. Who look after six people? Doctors and nurses do.
12. What grows in a desert? Nothing does.
13. Who likes Arithmetic? Jack does, but his sister doesn't
14. What destroyed those houses? An earthquake did.
15. Who reads the newspaper every morning? My father does, but I don't.
16. Who helped Mary with her homework? Nobody does.
17. Who taught you English last year? Teacher did.
18. Who sits next to Ravi? Raja does.
19. Who corrects your exercises? Teacher does.
20. Who paid for your school books? The parents did.

Transitive and Intransitive

Transitive

1. I have lost my pen, and I can't find it.
2. The servant stole some money, but his master forgave him.
3. Have you finished your homework? No, I must answer two more questions.
4. Mary has got a new pair of shoes, and she is wearing them today.
   I began to write.
5. He burnt the letter.
6. He smocks a pipe.
7. I cut my finger with this sharp knife.

Intransitive

1. He always lies on his bed after lunch for an hour.
2. He lay on his bed and read the newspaper.
3. The sick man has lain on his back in hospital for a month.
4. She is tired and hear head is aching.
5. The baby fell out of bed.
6. The Minister will arrive at elven o'clock.
7. Do you often go to the cinema?
8. The lesson hasn't began yet.
9. The fire is burning brightly.
10. He has never smoked in his life.
11. I can't cut with a blunt knife.

1. The bell is rung at the end of each lesson.
2. The window was broken yesterday.
3. The rooms will be swept tomorrow.
4. I have never been bitten by a mad dog.
5. Letters can be sent by air.
6. Lesson could not be sent by air a hundred years ago.
7. The workmen must be paid today.
8. The workmen had to be paid yesterday.

1. When was the thief caught?
    The thief was caught by policeman last night,
2. Where is a lot of wheat grown?
    A lot of wheat is grown in Canada.
3. Where was the mister's money hidden?
    The mister's money was hidden under his bed.
4. Who were punished yersterday?
    Tom and Bob were punished by teacher yesterday.
5. Where can lions be seen?
    Lions can be seen in the Zoo.
6. When will the grocer be paid?
    The grocer will be paid at the end of the month.
7. Where must the date be written?
    The date must be written at the top of the page.
8.  Where was my hat blown?
    My hat was blown into the sea.
9. When are warm clothes worn?
    The warm clothes are worn in winter.
10.Who was sent home.
     Mary was sent home.
11.When will this book be finished?
    This book will be finished this year.

1. The donkey was beaten every day.
2. This tree must be cut down tomorrow.
3. All the chocolate has been eaten by greedy boy.
4. The bell will be rung at the end of each lesson.
5. A lot of oil has been found in the Middle East.
6. Very heavy loads can be carried by elephants.
7. The sick girl was taken to the hospital.
8. This bad egg must be thrown away.
9. The news can be heard on the wireless at eight o'clock

Reflexive Pronoun

1. The little girl fell down and hurt herself.
2. He was tired of life, so he killed himself.
3. I sometimes cut myself when I am shaving.
4. The children lost themselves in the forest.
5. A baby can't dress it self.
6. She looked at herself in the mirror.
7. That old man has lived by him self for forty years.
8. Do you ever laugh at yourself?
9. I saw the Minister himself.
10. I mended the wireless myself.
11. She cooked the dinner herself.
12. Babies can't look after themselves. Their mothers must look after them.
13. A cat washes itself with its tongue.
14. You must do your homework by yourselves.
15. All my friends had a holiday last year, but I myself was too busy.
16. Who taught Mary to ride a bicycle? No one. She taught herself.
17. Do you always tell the truth? Ask yourself this question.
18. Hentry's father and both his uncles are doctors, but Hentry himself wants to be an engineer.
19. We must not be selfish and think only about ourselves.
20. Many people like to travel, but I myself prefer to stay at home.
21. Some men go to a barber, but men shave themselves.
22. Ann hasn't got many friends. She likes to play by herself.

Joining words

1. The little boy fell down in the street and cut his knee.
2. Ann is clever girl, but her sister is stupid.
3. Ali felt ill, so he stayed in bed all day.
4. Some pupils work hard, but others are lazy.
5. He put on his hat and coat and went out of the house.
6. I was very tired last night, so I went to bed early.
7. Tom had no money in his pocket, so Jack lent him six pence.
8. The sun is shining, but it is still very cold.
9. Ahmad went to a University in America and stayed there for three years.
10. Mr. Smith earns a lot of money, but he never saves a penny.
11. Jack lost his watch, so he had to buy another one.

1. People must take off their shoes before they enter a mosque.
2. Hentry got a job in a bank after he left school.
3. Tom's grand father was nearly ninety years old when he died.
4. Tom's grand father lived until he was nearly ninety years old.
5.  He worked very hard when he was at the university.
6. She never takes her baby out after it is raining.
7. You must always was your hands before you have mail.
8. Pupils must understand the questions, before they can answer them.
9. Millions of men returned to their homes after the second war ended.
10. The doctor said, "You will feel better after you have taken this medicine."
11. The old man lived in the same cottage when he died.

1. You'll feel tired in the morning if you don't go to bed early.
2. You'll feel tired in the morning unless you go to bed early.
3. If it's cold, I'll wear a coat.
4. Unless Tom works harder, he won't pass the examination.
5. Will you answer my letter if I write to you?
6. The sick man won't get better unless he goes to hospital
7. I won't go out if it rains.
8. That driver will have an accident unless he drives more slowly.
9. I won't come to school tomorrow if there is a holiday.
10. Ann's father won't forgive her if she tell lies again.
11. I'll help you tomorrow if you help me today.
12. He won't catch the train unless he runs to the station.
13. This wood will burn if it's dry.
14. You'll make mistakes unless you are careful.
15. Mrs. Smith will buy a new dress if her husband gives her the money.
16. You'll catch a cold unless you wear your coat.
17. I won't say another word if you don't listen to me.
18. I'll see a doctor if I don't feel better tomorrow.
19. Tom is fast asleep. He won't wake up if someone doesn't call him.
20. A man will never become rich if he doesn't save his money.
21. People won't work if they aren't paid.
22. Your teeth will become yellow unless you clean them every day.
23. I won't answer your questions unless you say Please.
24. My father will be please if I get  a job.
25. The teacher will give me full marks if I write full answer.

1. The traveler can go buy if the train full.
2. The old man can't see well if he doesn't wear glasses.
3. You may catch cold if you sit near an window.
4. If you want to be a doctor you must go to a university.
5. If I send you a telegram you must come at once.
6. You should go to a dentist if you have a bad toothache.
7. You shouldn't write your name in a book unless it is yours.
8. If the servant breaks a cup, she must pay for a new one.
9. I can sharpen the pencils if you lend me your knife.
10. Mary can't do her homework  unless her father helps her.
11. He told his secretary, "You may go home now if you like."
12. The teacher told the class, "If you make a spelling mistake, you should write the correction three times."
13. Jack's father ought to give him a new watch if he passes his examination.
14. If someone gives you a present, you should say Thank you.
15. You ought to tell a policeman if you lost your wallet.
16. The doctor said to his friend, "If I lend you my car, you should promise to drive it slowly"
17.  Ahmad can understand English people if they speak slowly.
18. That water is dirty. Unless it is boiled, you oughtn't drink it.
19. If a pupil fells ill, he shouldn't come to school.
20. You shouldn't stay up late if you go work early.

Can, Could, must, had to,may, should, ought

1. I can speak English, but I can't speak French.
2. Tom can swim, but his little brother can't.
3. Tom couldn't swim two years ago, but now he can.
4. Mary couldn't go to school yesterday, because she was ill.
5. I could walk ten minutes a day when I was a young man, but now I can't.
6. He could answer the teacher's question yesterday, but he can't answer the same question today.
7. She looked everywhere for her watch, but she couldn't find it.
8. Tom had a lot of homework yesterday, and he couldn't finish it.
9. People couldn't travel by air two hundred years ago.
10. He couldn't save any money, because he had a large family.
11. The old man is almost blind, but he could see well when he was young.

1. Jack had to get up very early yesterday.
2. Mr. Smith had to work hard when he was young.
3. There was no bus or taxi, so I had to walk.
4. The teacher was late, so that pupils had to wait.
5. Ali had to leave school when he was fourteen and go to work.
6. I lost my watch a week ago, and I had to buy another one.
7. The tourist had to take off their shoes when they visited a mosque.
8. The bridge was broken, and the traveler had to swim across the river.
9. Jack had to do a lot of homework yesterday.
10. The sick man had to stay in hospital for three months in 1961.

1. May we write the answers in pencil?

    Yes, you may. You may write in pencil or ink.

    No, you may not. You must write in ink.

2. May I smoke here?

    No, you may not. Smock is not allowed.

3. May I come and see you this evening? I'm not felling well.

    Of course you may. You may come at any time.

4. May I stay up another hour. 

    No, you may not. You  must go to bed at once.

1. People may walk in the park, but they mustn't pink flowers.
2. Pupils may ask the teacher questions, but they must speak at the same time.
3. Pupils may play in the play ground, but mustn't play in the classroom.
4. You may go for a walk, but you mustn't come home.
5. You may look at the lions in the zoo, but you mustn't touch them.
6. Pupils may borrow books from the school library, but they mustn't keep them.
7. You may ride your bicycle in the street, but you mustn't ride it on the pavement.
8. The sick girl is better. She may go back to school tomorrow, but she mustn't go out today.
9. A man may borrow money, but he mustn't steal.
10. The teacher is in hospital. The pupils may visit him, but they mustn't stay for more than twenty minutes.

1. May I go home before the last lesson?
2. It's very cold. May I shut the windows?
3. May I ride my bicycle in the playground?
4. My hands are covered with ink. May I go and wash them?
5. May I write my composition on a piece of paper?
6. May I take off my shoes off?
7. It's dark here at the back of the class. May I put the light on?
8. I can't see the blackboard. May I change my place?
9. I have borrowed a book from the library. May I keep it?
10. May I bring my phone to school?

1. It may rain today, or it may be fine. I don't know.
2. This news may be true, and it may be untrue. No one can be certain.
3. He may go to Paris for a holiday, but he hasn't made up his mind yet.
4. My name is not written in this book, but it may be mine.

1. Nobody knows whether that old man is rich or poor.
   That old man may be rich or he may be poor.
2. Perhaps Ahmad will go to America next year.
   Ahmad may go to America next year.
3. Perhaps there will be a holiday next week.
    There may be a holiday nextweek.
4. Jack is not sure if he will pass the examination at the end of this year.
    Jack may pass the examination at the end of this year.
5. Perhaps the Minister of Education will open the new school.
    The Minister of Education may oped the new school.
6. Nobody knows whether the doctor in the hospital  or at home.
   The doctor may be in the hospital or he may be at home.
7. Nobody knows if there will be another war.
    There may be another war next year.
8. Perhaps Hentry will go to London University when he leaves school.
    Hentry may go to London University when he leaves school.
9. I am not certain if my watch is right.
    My watch may be right.
10.I am not sure whether Hentry is fifteen or sixteen years old.
    Hentry may be fifteen years old or he may be sixteen years old.

We should(ought to) clean our teeth after every meal. But many of us forget to clean our teeth, or we have no time to clean them, and we are not punished. People shouldn't tell lies. But most people tell lies sometimes and they are often not punished.

A man mustn't steal. If he steals, he will be put in prison. You must study your lessons. If you don't study, you won't pass the examination. Failure is a kind of punishment.

1. You should be more careful.
2. You oughtn't to smoke so many cigarettes.
3. Mother should look after their children.
4. Big boys shouldn't hit little boys.
5. We should help the poor.
6. It was raining and Mary's mother told her that she shouldn't go without an umberalla.
7. People shouldn't spend all their money; they should save some.
8. The teacher told us that we should write the meanings of new words in our note book.
9. Tom was often late and his father told him that he should wake up earlier
10. She told her children that they should often always say Please and Thank you.

1. The policeman told the driver he ought to drive more carefully.
2. I told the boys that they oughtn't to swim near the bridge, because it was dangerous.
3. Mr. White is nearly seventy years old. He is still working, but he ought to retire.
4. You oughtn't to keep that book. It doesn't belong to you.
5. The woman is looking ill. She ought to see a doctor.
6. The teacher is tired. He oughtn't to work hard.
7. I ought to finish this work today, but I am very tired.
8. The teacher told Tom that he oughtn't to make so many careless mistakes.
9. The doctor told the fat man that he oughtn't to eat so much
10. Henry has worn the same shirt for four days. He ought to put on a clean one.

1. The doctor said, "The child is very ill. He must be taken to the hospital at once.
2. A man should help his parents when they become old.
3. There are no buses or taxis, so we must walk.
4. Everybody ought to learn a foreign language.
5. We can't live without food and water. We should eat and drink.
6. I must get up early tomorrow, so I  shouldn't go to bed late tonight.
7. You shouldn't drive a car at night without lights.
8. Tom's father told him that he shouldn't ask silly questions.
9. There is a law in England that all boys and girls stay at school until they are sixteen years old.
10. The teacher told Tom, "I ought to punish you, but I will forgive you this time."

The present perect, past continuous

1. Ahamad is writing his name on the black board.
    Ahamad has written his name on the black board.
    Ahamad has just written his name on the black board.

2. Mary is drinking a glass of milk.
    Mary has drunk a glass of milk.
    Mary has just drunk a glass of milk,

3.The horse is jumping over the gate.
   The horse has jumped over the gate.
   The horse has just jumped over the gate.

4.The teacher is ringing the bell.
    The teacher has rung the bell
    The teacher has just rung the bell

5.Jack and Tom are swimming across the river.
   Jack and Tom have swum across the river.
   Jack and Tom have just swum across the river.

1. The policeman has caught the thief.
2. This man has climbed to the top of the hill.
3. The servant has broken the jug.
4. Two little girls were fallen into the river.
5. Jack and Tom have been to the cinema, and now they are coming out.
6. The teacher has cleaned the black board.
7. The dog has bitten the boy's leg.Ahmad has written two words on the blackboard, but he has spelt the second word wrong.
8. The thief has stolen the woman's dog, and he is running away.
9. The woman has locked the door, and she is putting the key in her bag.
10. The rich man has bought a very big car.
    

1. The sun has just risen.
2. Jack has just finished his homework.
3. The farmer has just shot a bird.
4. The classroom is empty and the pupils have just gone home.
5. Ahmad has just drawn a picture of a tree on the blackboard.
6. Mary has just washed her hands, and she is drying them on a towel.
7. The two men have just lid  a fire on the ground.
8. The servant has just opened the window.
9. It's seven o'clock, and Tom and his brother have just waken up.
10. Jack's father and mother have just had their dinner, and their plates are empty.

1. Hentry's uncle went to Canada when he was twenty years old, and he has lived in Canada for thirty years.
2. The old woman has been ill  for six months, and she is still in hospital.
3. We have waited ten minutes for a bus, and we are still waiting at the bus stop.
4. Mr. Brown has taught English for many years, and he still teaches English.
5. Tom's grand father has played chess for nearly fifty years, and he still pays once a week.
6. I haven't seen my friend for a week, but I am going to see him tomorrow.
7. It hasn't rained for two days, and it's not raining now.
8. I have worn this shirt for two days, and I am wearing it now.
9. The children have been asleep for eight hours, and they are still asleep.
10. Mary has had a cold for a week, and she still has a cold.
11. The doctor is very busy, and he hasn't had a holiday for two years.
12. I have eaten nothing for six hours, but I am still not hungry.
13. I have used this pen for ten hours, and I am still using it.
14. Elizabeth has been Queen of England for about twenty five years, and she is still Queen.
15. I've known Mr. and Mrs. Smith for a long time, and I still know them.
16. The postman has ridden that old bicycle for many years, and he still rides it every day.
17. Jack and Tom have been in the same class for two years, and they are still in the same class.
18. Those poor children have had nothing to eat for twelve hours, and they still have nothing to eat.
19. I haven't read the newspaper this morning.
20. Jack has worked very hard today.
21. I have been to the cinema twice this month.
22. Jack's father hasn't saved any money this year.
23. Have you seen Mr. Smith today?
24. I have spent a lot of money this year.
25. Those poor children have eaten nothing today.
26. We have had three English lessons this week.
27. It has rained nearly everyday this winter,
28. I have written three letters this afternoon.
29. Jack has been absent from school only once this year.
30. Nobody has come to see me this evening.
31. The doctor has been busy in the hospital all night. 
32. Jack hasn't done his homework yet.
33. Jack hasn't yet done his homework.
34. It's nine o'clock, but the shopkeeper hasn't opened his shop yet.
35. I bought these books a week ago, but I haven't yet paid for them.
36. Mary hasn't worn her new dress yet.
37. Ahmad has lost his watch, but he hasn't find it yet.
38. The farmers haven't sold their cotton yet.
39. Ali is eighteen years old, but he hasn't left school yet.
40. We hasn't finished this lesson yet.

1. Have you ever been to America?
    No, I have never been to America.
    Yes, I have been to America once.

2. Have you ever ridden on an elephant?
    No, I have never ridden on an elephant.
    Yes, I have ridden on an elephant.

3. Has your father ever been to France?
    No, I have never been to France.
    Yes, I have been to France.

4. Has that bus driver ever had an accident?
    No, That bus driver has never had an accident.
    Yes, That bus driver has had an accident

1. Have you ever visited the Zoo?
   Yes, I have visited the Zoo several times.
2. Have you ever forgotten to bring my English book to school?
    I have sometimes forgotten to bring my English book to school.
3. Has Mary ever failed an examination?
    Mary has never failed an examination.
4. Has the baby ever been ill?
    The baby has never been ill.
5. Have you ever drunk tea without sugar?
    I have often drunk tea without sugar.

1. 
   
2. The old woman has been ill since April.
3. The old woman has been ill for six months.
4. The baby sleeps every afternoon for three hours.
5. He worked in a bank for thirty years.
6. He has taught English for ten years, and he is still teaching English.
7. She is going to stay with her brothers for a week.
8. He has taught English since 1985.
9. I haven't been to a cinema from last January until now.
10. The poor man has eaten nothing since yesterday.
11. He waited outside the cinema for an hour.
12. The doctor hasn't had a holiday since July 1961.
13. The clerk has worked in the same bank for thirty years.
14. She hasn't bought a new dress since last year.
15. There has been a lot of rain since November.
16. The baby has been asleep since 6 o'clock.
17. The servant worked hard until 2 p.m. but she hasn't done work since then.
18. I am going to read for half an hour.
19. I lent you my dictionary for an hour or two, but you kept it for a week
20. The shopkeeper has sold nothing since 3 o'clock this afternoon.

1. We have learnt  a lot of English since we began to learn the language.
2. Mary has felt better since the doctor gave her some medicine.
3. Mr. Grey has never driven a car since he knocked down a child in the street.
4. I have had a bad toothache since I woke up this morning.
5. The thief has led an honest life since he came out of prison.
6. The little girl has been afraid of dogs since she was bitten by a mad dog.

It's now 3 p.m. Mr. Smith got up at 6 o'clock. He has been awake for nine hours. He had breakfast at 8 o'clock. He has been busy since then(8 o'clock). He didn't have lunch. He hasn't eaten anything for seven hours. He didn't smoke until 11 o'clock. He has smoked five cigarettes since then.

Past and Present perfect
1. What did you do yesterday?
I got up early, and after breakfast I went for a walk. I had lunch at one o'clock, and then I wrote some letters. I took them to the Post Office, bought some stamps and posted them. I watched television in the evening, and went to bed at ten o'clock.

2. What did Jack's father do during the war?
He joined the army in 1940. He spent a year in England, and then he was sent to Egypt. He fought in the desert and was wounded. He returned to England, where he stayed until the end of the war.

It's now 1973, and Jack is fourteen years old.
Jack was born in 1959. He first went to school in 1965 when he was six years old. He has been at school for eight years, and he has made many friends. His father bought him a bicycle in 1970. He has had this bicycle for three years, but he had an accident a month ago, and he hasn't ridden it since then.

1. I saw Tom in the street yesterday, but I haven't spoken to him.
2. I have worn this shirt for two days, but it isn't dirty yet. so I'm still wearing it today.
3. There have been no snow in the south of England last winter.
4. The child hasn't eaten nothing since 9 o'clock this morning and it's now 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
5. Ann was not at home when her friend has visited her yesterday evening.
6. It's very hot day, and I have drunk six glasses of water already this morning.
7. We haven't finished this book yet, but we hope to finish it this year.
8. The gardener found a box full of money when he dug in the garden. 
9. Yousuf has been absent from school for two weeks, and he is still absent.
10. I have written three letters this evening, and I must write two more before I go to bed.
11. Jack's father went to Egypt in 1941.
12. Bob wants to tell his bicycle, but he hasn't sold it yet.
13. It has rained every day this week. Today is Friday, and it's raining again.

James Lee left England in 1945 and went to Australia. He has been in Australia for nearly twenty years, and he is very happy. But his old mother in England is not happy. Her husband died two years ago, and she has been  lonely since then. She hasn't seen her son James  since 1945, and he hasn't written to her for over six months, She made up her mind last year to go to Australia, but she hasn't got enough money yet for the fare. She saved only $500, and the journey will cost much more than this.

Past contionous

1.  Mr. and Mrs. Brown  were having dinner when the doctor called.
2. The thief was climbing over the wall when the policeman saw him.
3. It was raining hard when I went out this morning.
4. We were listening to the wireless when the telephone bell rang.
5. Who were you speaking to when I saw you yesterday?
6. Jack was doing his homework when  his father came home from work.
7. The sailors were swimming near their ship when they were attacked by a shark.
8. Mary was wearing her new dress when I met her yesterday.
9. The pupils were still writing their competitions when the bell rang.
10. She was walking along the street when she saw an old friend.
11. The woman was very tired, and she was lying on her bed when her children came home from school.
12. The sun was rising when I woke up this morning.
13. The sick child was sleeping when the doctor came.
14. The bird was sitting on the branch of a tree when the farmer shot it.
15. The mouse was eating a piece of cheese when the cat caught and killed it.
16. Some pupils were making a lot of noise when the teacher came into the classroom.
17. The little boy was fishing when he fell into the river.
18. The wind was blowing hard when the travelers reached the top of the hill.
19. I was reading the newspaper when I heard a strange noise.
20. Ahmad's mother was cooking the dinner when he came home from school.
21. The rich man was counting his money when the thief quietly opened the door and came into the room.

• The coward hit me when I wasn't looking. \ When I wasn't looking the coward hit me.
• He cut his chin while he was shaving yesterday. \ While he was shaving yesterday he cut his chin.
• A thief stole the woman's bag just as she was getting on the bus. \ Just as the woman was getting on the bus a thief stole her bag.

1. The boy was knocked down by a bus as was crossing the road.
2. A lot of people saw this accident while they were waiting for the bus.
3. Just as the doctor was going to bed there was a knock  at the door.
4. Ali often went to the British Museum when he was studying London University.
5. He fell down and broken his leg while he was playing football.
6. The travelers reached the town just as the sun was setting.
7. The foolish boy jumped off the bus while it was going.
8. The hunter shot and killed the lion just as it was jumping on him.
9. Mary's mother often sang while she was cooking in the kitchen.
10. The old man never went out when it was raining.
11. Just as the manager was leaving his office an important telegram came.
12. Ann was a foolish girl she didn't listen when the teacher was asking questions.
13. The ship sank just as it was entering the harbor.
14. I cut my finger while I was sharpening the pencil.
15. The travelers saw some camels as they were coming desert.

When I went out this morning, the sun was shining and the birds was singing. It was a beautiful morning. I walked to the nearest park and sat down on the grass. But while I was sitting there, black clouds gathered and hid the sun. It was beginning to rain heavily, so I ran home. My hat fell off as I was running.

Jack father read a book last night when he heard a noise in the garden. He opened the window and looked out. It was a dark night and at first he could see nothing. But just as he was shutting his window, he saw a man. The man  was trying to climb over the garden well. He was a thief. When he saw Jack's father at the window, he jumped off and ran away. Jack's father was running after him. There was a car at the end of the street. The thief reached the car, but just as he was getting into it, Jack's father caught him.









 

Sentence III

1. I didn't wear a hat in summer.
2. I didn't go to the cinema yesterday.
3. I woke up early this morning.
4. The ask, give, lend, show, teach, tell have two objects.
5. He gave the beggar a loaf of bread.
6. Jack lent his friend five fence.
7. I showed the policeman my passport.
8. Can you tell me the time?

1. The policeman asked me my name.
2. I am going to ask you two questions.
3. The prisoner told the judge a lot of lies.
4. Can you lend me fifty fence?
5. The teacher gave his class a grammar test.
6. He showed me his photograph.
7. He showed his photograph to all the teachers and to all his friends in the school.
8. I sent you a telegram yesterday.
9. I sent telegrams yesterday to all my relations and friends.
10. The rich man gave his son a present.
11. The rich man gave a present to every poor man and woman and to every child in the village.

Question V

1. Do Mary always go to school by bus?
2. Do you ofter wear a hat?
3. Do the children like to play in the garden?
4. Do you want to be rich?
5. Does Mary's mother cook every day?
6. Did Mary throw a stone at the dog?
7. Did Mary help her mother yesterday?
8. Will the school be open in August?
9. Will your father be at home this evening?
10. Can all the pupils answer these questions?
11. Can a poor man buy a car?
12. Can you write without a pen or pencil?
13. Must we write on every line?
14. Must the sick man go to the hospital?
15. What do pupils bring to school every day?
16. What must you wear in winter?
17. When shall we have another test?
18. When shall I see you again?
19. Where can I put my books?
20. Where does Jack's father work?
21. Who did Jack go to the cinema with?
22. Who did the teacher punish yesterday?
23. Why must you clean your teeth every day?
24. Why does Jack want to see the doctor?
25. Why did the poor man steal  a loaf of bread?

Sentences II

1. The class room is swept every morning,
2. The rich mad hid his money, but it was stolen.
3. The bottles fell off the table and broken.
4. This bag is made of leather.
5. Babies mustn't be washed in warm water.
6. A new school will be built in this town next year.
7. Jack told  a lie, and he'll be punished.
8. The food can be eaten hot or cold.
9. They must be thrown away.
10. The soldiers fought more bravely than their enemies.
11. Old men walk more slowly than young men.
12. A fool spends his money more foolishly  than a wise man.
13. We can answer easy questions more easily than difficult questions.
14. The sun is shining today more brightly than yesterday.
15. The bad pupils write more carelessly than good pupils.
16. A plane goes faster than a car.
17. A good pupil works hardest.
18. A strong boy plays football best.
19. A man works harder than a child.
20. This room is the teachers'.
21. Those shoes are Jack's.
22. These matches are yours.
23. That book is the teacher's.
24. The schools in this town belong to the government.
25. That house belongs to a rich family.
26. I'm going to have lunch at one o' clock.
27. Jack was born in 1980.
28. I first went to school in 1990.
29. The next holiday is on Monday.
30. The shops are shut on Sunday.
31. The summer holiday begins in August.
32. The schools are shut in July and August.
33. The most people go to sleep at night.
34. The pupils go to school in the morning.
35. The pupils go home after school in the afternoon.
36. The boys play football in the evening.
37. Jack went to bed earlier than Mary.
38. Mary went to be bed latest.
39. Mary always goes to school by bus.
40. Jack never goes to school by bus.
41. Bob often goes to school by bus.
42. Ann sometimes goes to school by bus.
43. You must always tell the truth
44. You must never tell lies,
45. I don't often go to the cinema.
46. We can sometimes answer all the questions.
47. The teacher is always early.
48. He is never late.
49. Mary was often absent last year.
50. It is sometimes cold in the evening.

Question IV

1. Who sits next to Tom?
2. Who is Jack speaking to?
3. What are the people look at?
4. What is the boy pointing at?
5. What is the old man listening to?
6. Who is the policeman running after?
7. What are the children laughing at?
8. What is the dog looking at?
9. Which goes faster, a car or a plane?
10. Which goes fastest, a horse, a car or a plane?
11. Which goes harder, a child or a man?
12. Who works hardest, a lazy pupil, a good pupil, or a foolish pupil?
13. Which cuts better, a new knife or an old knife?
14. Who plays football best, an old man, a little girl, or a strong boy?
15.  Whose car is this?
16. Whose books are those?
17. Whose coat is that?
18. Whose stockings are these?
19. Who does this car belong to?
20. Who does that coat belong to?
21. Who do these stockings belong to?
22. Who do those books belong to?
23. Which boy is wearing long trousers?
24. Which bottles are broken?
25. Which cat has the longest tail?
26. Which door is open? Whi
27. Which girls are wearing hats?
28. Which boy has got a dog?
29. Which jags are full of milk?
30. Which is the biggest city in the world?
31. Which are Jack's shoes?
32. Which is the biggest animal in the world?
33. Which are the hottest months?
34. Which is the Mary's?
35. Which is the longest day of the year?
36. At what time does the first lesson begin?
37. At what time are you going to have lunch?
38. At what time did you go to bed last night?
39. At what time did you get up this morning?
40. At what time did you have breakfast?
41. When was Jack born?
42. When is the next English lesson?
43. When are the schools shut?
44. When did you go to bed last night?
45. When did you begin to learn English?
46. When is the next holiday?
47. When do pupils go home after school?
48. When does the summer holiday begin?
49. When does the school open after the summer holiday?
50. When do you do your homework, in the evening or at night?

words

melancholia - manachorvu
shore - kadatkari
sew - thikrathu
beat - adikirathu
mend - thiruthirathu
intend - thidamiduthal
intention - ennam
quarrel - sandi podurathu
drown - moolkadithal

Question III

1. Is there any food on this table?
2. Is there any meat on this plate?
3. Is there any money on your pocket?
4. Is there much sugar in this jar?
5. Is there much milk in this jag?
6. Is there much ink on the floor?
7. Have you got much money in the bank?
8. Has the teacher got any red chalk?
9. Will you make this mistake again?
10. Will you throw away this bottle?
11. Where are you going to spend the summer holiday?
12. Where are you going to have lunch?
13. Where are you going to sleep tonight?
14. Where is Jack's father going to buy a house?
15. Where is Tom going to meet his friends?
16. When is Jack going to have holiday?
17. When are you going to answer this letter?
18. What are you going to be?
19. What are you going to buy?
20. What are you going to give her on her birthday?
21. What are you going to study at the university?
22. Does Jack know much French?
23. Is there much oil in the bottles?
24. Were there many people in the cinema last night?
25. Do you learn many subject at school?
26. Have you got many friends?
27. Did you spend much money yesterday?
28. Does the teacher speak many languages?
29. Did the doctor ask many questions?
30. Did you learn many English word last year?

Questions II

1. When did you buy a new phone?
2. When did the lesson begin?
3. When did you  go to America?
4. Where did you meet Jack?
5. Where did the pupils play football?
6. Where did you wait for me?
7. What did you drink for breakfast this morning?
8. What did Mary see in the field?
9. What did you eat for lunch?
10. Who did you see outside the office?
11. Who did you pay yesterday?
12. Who did Jack meet at the station?
13. What crosses this bridge every day?
14. What does the train cross everyday?
15. What covered the sky?
16. What tell us the time?
17. What blew Jack's hat off?
18. What did the dog eat?
19. Who sees his friend every day?
20. Who does Jack see every day? 
21. Who did the soldiers kill?
22. Who counts the pupil every day?
23. Who ate all the chocolate?
24. What did the children eat?
25. What killed all the people in the house?

Sentences I

1. A traveler by plane can be in London in the morning and in Cairo in the afternoon.
2. You can't be in two places at the same time.
3. There was a holiday last week.
4. She opened her purse and counted her money.
5. Jack waited a long time for the bus this morning.
6. I listed to the wireless yesterday evening.
7. He put on his hat and coat and went out.
8. I had breakfast at six o'clock this morning.
9. I buy three loaves of bread every day.
10. I washed two pairs of trousers and three pairs of socks.
11. The children must wash their hands and faces.
12. The teacher walk to school, buy he didn't walk home.
13.  We can't live without air.
14. The air in the room wasn't fresh.
15. He has tea for breakfast every morning.
16. We put sugar in tea and coffee.
17. The sugar is in this basin is white.
18. There isn't any food on this table.
19. There is no chalk in this box.
20.  There is no money in my pocket.
21. There isn't much sugar in this jar.
22. There's a lot of sugar in this jar.
23. There isn't much milk in this jug.
24. There isn't much bread on the shelf.
25. There's a lot of chalk in the box.
26. He hasn't got any red chalk.
27. He's got no red chalk.
28. I haven't got much money in the bank.
29. He's got a lot of money in the bank.
30. He's got a lot of hair.
31. He hasn't got much hair.
32. He's got no hair.
33. We began to learn English a year ago.
34. I forgot to clean my teeth this morning.
35. The sick woman hopes to be well soon.
36. He is learning to ride a bicycle.
37. Boys like to play football.
38. Mary's mother promised to take her to the Zoo.
39. He remembered to bring his books this morning.
40. Pupils must try to answer questions in English.
41. Everybody wants to be happy.
42. I wish to make a complaint.
43. Jack quarrels with bob.
44. I'll never speak to you again.
45. I won't tell a lie again.
46. I'll be twenty years old in 1980.
47. We are not going to have lunch until two o'clock.
48. I'm going to see the doctor tomorrow.
49. He's pouring the milk from a jug into a glass.
50. He's standing near the blackboard with a piece of chalk in his hand.
51. He's going to jump into the river.
52. It's dark, I'm going to put the light on.
53. I'm not going to bring my bicycle to school tomorrow.
54. It's going to rain.
55. It's not going to be a fine day.
56. It's going to be hot today.
57. It's going to snow tonight.
58. There's going to be a holiday next Thursday.
59. He has blue eyes and fair hair.
60. There are only fifteen boys and no girls. 
61. There are some pictures on the walls, but there  aren't any maps.
62. She's  got some bread, but no butter.
63. There isn't much water in the river in the summer.
64. The old man hasn't got many teeth.
65. I don't put much sugar in my tea.
66. The first baby has more hair than the second, but the third baby has the most hair.
67. The fist book is more useful than the second book, but the third book is the most useful.
68. The first question is more difficult than the second one, but the third one is the most difficult.
69. I met my best friend yesterday.
70. Mary's worst subject at school is arithmetic.
71. The doctor's eldest son is going to be a doctor.
72. Doctors sometimes work at night.
73. He hid behind a tree.
74. He threw a big stone at Bob.
75. Mary sits beside Ann in class.
76. We're learning English, and the teacher works hard with us.
77. He went out with his friends to the cinema.
78. He's standing in front of the class.
79. Tom sits at the back of the class, and Bob next to him.
80. A lot of people  are getting out of the bus.
81. The passengers are getting into the plane.
82. Mary's mother likes to look at the shops.
83. Pupils must listen to the teacher.
84.  The teacher is pointing at a word on the black board.
85. I didn't speak to him.
86. The policeman is running after the thief.
87. Children mustn't laugh at their fathers and mothers.
88. The door is locked, and I can't find the key.
89. The child fell into the river and was drowned.
90. A lot of cars are made in America.
91. These trousers are made of wool.
92. There was an accident in the street, and three people were hurt.
93. The prisoners stand in lines, and are counted every morning.
94. The shoes were mended in last month.
95. The work men have a holiday today, but the work will be finished tomorrow.
96. The sane mistake was made by five pupils.
97. I knocked at the doctor's door.
98. Jewels must be kept in a safe place.
99. The girl was bitten by a mad dog.
100. English is spoken in England and in other countries.